Around 10,000 babies are born around the world with deformities. Edinburgh GP Ekke Kuenssberg and two colleagues are among the first to realise the danger in 1961.
The Princess Margaret Rose Hospital in Edinburgh became a leading world centre in helping the survivor children – providing artificially-powered limbs they can control themselves.
Its director is David Simpson and his work lays the foundation for the world’s first bionic arm forty years later.